Web服务器配置指南

本指南将帮助您在VPS上配置和管理Web服务器。

Apache服务器

安装Apache

# Ubuntu/Debian
apt update
apt install apache2

# CentOS/AlmaLinux
yum install httpd
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start httpd

基本配置

# 启动Apache
systemctl start apache2
systemctl enable apache2

# 检查状态
systemctl status apache2

虚拟主机配置

# /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName example.com
    ServerAlias www.example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com
    
    <Directory /var/www/example.com>
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
    
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

启用站点

# 启用站点
a2ensite example.com.conf

# 重载配置
systemctl reload apache2

Nginx服务器

安装Nginx

# Ubuntu/Debian
apt update
apt install nginx

# CentOS/AlmaLinux
yum install nginx
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl start nginx

Nginx配置

# /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    root /var/www/example.com;
    index index.html index.php;
    
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
    
    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
    }
    
    access_log /var/log/nginx/example.com_access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/example.com_error.log;
}

启用站点

# 创建软链接
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

# 测试配置
nginx -t

# 重载配置
systemctl reload nginx

PHP配置

安装PHP

# Ubuntu/Debian
apt install php php-fpm php-mysql php-curl php-gd php-mbstring

# CentOS/AlmaLinux
yum install php php-fpm php-mysqlnd php-curl php-gd php-mbstring

PHP-FPM配置

# 启动PHP-FPM
systemctl start php8.1-fpm
systemctl enable php8.1-fpm

# 检查状态
systemctl status php8.1-fpm

防火墙配置

Ubuntu (UFW)

ufw allow 'Apache Full'
# 或
ufw allow 'Nginx Full'

CentOS (firewalld)

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
firewall-cmd --reload

性能优化

Apache优化

# /etc/apache2/conf-available/performance.conf
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
    AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/css text/javascript application/javascript
</IfModule>

<IfModule mod_expires.c>
    ExpiresActive On
    ExpiresByType image/jpg "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType application/pdf "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 month"
</IfModule>

Nginx优化

# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
http {
    # 启用gzip压缩
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml;
    
    # 缓存设置
    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }
}